Computer Crime Essay - 1055 Words

ABSTRACT Billions of dollars in losses have already been discovered. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions will be stolen, most without detection, by the emerging master criminal of the twenty-first century--the computer crime offender. Worst of all, anyone who is computer literate can become a computer criminal. He or she is everyman, everywoman, or even every child. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION To first understand computer crime one must understand first what crime is. According to Diana Kendall, crime is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail or other sanctions (Kendall 1999; 161). Yet since computer technology is so new it has really no laws to govern it. A law is formal norms that are†¦show more content†¦They have formed their own subcultures and hold many different beliefs about the information that is stored in personal computers. Said best by J. Thomas McEwen in the article Computer Ethics many hackers believe that computerized data [is] free and should be accessible to anyone (McEwen 1991; 8-11). A subculture is a group a group of people who share a different set of beliefs that differ significantly from the larger society (Kendall; 604). Besides forming subcultures, many hackers have learned their behavior from other hackers. Besides the fact that many hackers learn, their ways from other hackers many after arrested are fo rmally labeled as a hacker and a deviant, those who violate cultural norms and beliefs (Kendall; 598) The labeling theory suggests that deviants are those have been labeled as such by others (Kendall; 166). As written by David Pitch ford in the London magazine, Focus, one hacker after being arrested was not deterred, he instead became a more active and in 92 became cyberspaces first megastar Pitchford; pages 10-13). It was only after his second arrest that he stopped offences. Besides the interactions, perspective on computer crime is the conflict theory. The conflict theory states that people in power maintain their advantage by using the law to protect their own interest. (Kendall; 168). Under the conflict perspective, hackers and other computer criminals are seen as deviant because many hackers break intoShow MoreRelatedComputer Crimes And Computer Crime1066 Words   |  5 Pagescomputer crimes oc/wcc Introduction Ever since computers and networks were invented there have been hackers and computer crimes have grown with the advancement of technology. As with the advancement of technology and computer crimes there have been many types of computer crimes that have evolved with technology. There have been laws in place to help reduce and regulate computers and computer crimes. History of computer crimes Computers and networks became increasingly known and used inRead MoreComputer Crime And Its Effect On Society932 Words   |  4 PagesComputer crime has been an issue since the 1970s. Computer crimes have been categorized in two ways. First is a physical activity in which criminals steal computers. Second is that in which criminals commit crimes using computers. The recent development of the Internet has created a substantial increase in criminals commit crimes using computers. Thus, an emerging area of criminal behavior is cyber crime. Computer crimes mostly affect to a lot of areas of the society. When we work with computersRead MoreComputer Technology And Its Impact On Computer Crime1296 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of information systems for strategic or military purposes† (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). While this definition may seem fitting on a global basis the idea of cybercrime can encompass any valuable information of an individual, company, government, or military entity. The term hacker came about in the early 80’s defining a coup of people where were proficient at manipulating computers. HoweverRead MoreCybercrime Is Crime That Involves A Computer And A Network2155 Words   |  9 PagesCybercrime is crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may be used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar (2011) define cyber-crimes as: Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet. Such crimes may threatenRead MoreComputer Crime Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: COMPUTER CRIME Categories of Computer Crime S.R Skolnick Strayer University In todays society computers are used to commit crimes. These crimes are separated into four categories. These categories are as follows, the computer as a target, the computer as an instrument of crime, the computer as incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with the prevalence of computers. In example of the computer as a target, is a case of Kevin Mitnick. Kevin Mitnick was once known as theRead MoreComputer Crime3446 Words   |  14 PagesComputer Crime Computer crimes need to be prevented and halted thought increased computer network security measures as well as tougher laws and enforcement of those laws in cyberspace: Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. All that is required is a personal computer, a modem, and a phone line. Increasing instances of white-collar crime involve computers as more businesses automate and information becomes an importantRead MoreThe Four Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment, I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. government, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combating computer crime. First, we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hacker that illegallyRead MoreEssay on Introduction to Computer Crime2441 Words   |  10 Pagesexposed to computers each day are also increasing. Using computers have become part of our daily lives to the extent that the world would not function as it would now without the use of computers. With that, criminals are moving on to using computers for their criminal activities and thus computer crimes are born. Every now and then we will hear news of companies getting hacked, government websites being defaced, customers’ information being leaked out and other various computer crimes all over theRead More Computer Crime Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesThe introduction of computers in to the modern household has brought with it new moral issues. In the last 10 years computers have become increasingly cheaper to buy, due to huge technological advances and fierce competition, driving prices down. It the wake of the computer revolution the internet has followed quickly, becoming faster, cheaper and more accessible. With these technological advances the world has become increasingly smaller enabling piracy and file sharing to become common practiceRead MoreComputer Crime And Inadequacy Of Computer Laws1769 Words   |  8 PagesComputer Crime and Inadequacy of Computer Laws Introduction On 9 February 2015, Moscow-based security firm, Kaspersky Lab, released a report indicating that a group of international hackers stole an amount summing up to 1 billion from 100 banks. These attacks were carried out in 30 different nations by installing malware, which enabled them to gain control of the banks’ internal operations. Although such hacks have been attempted before, the scale and sophistication of the attacks, which spanned

Character Analysis Of The Movie Coach Carter - 999 Words

Coach Carter, (Director, Carter, T) The movie Coach Carter is based on a real coach name Ken Carter. Ken Carter is currently a resident of Richmond Virginia who made headlines in 1999 for benching his undefeated high school team for low performance in their classes. Ken Carter is a former graduate of the high school he is currently coaching. As a former high school athlete, Coach Carter wanted to lead his team to victory and savage the representation of his former high school. Consequently, Coach Carter, faced hostility from the parents, the staff and his students regarding student’s environment. The determination that Coach Carter, had for his students were remarkable. The outcome of all his hard work was success for him†¦show more content†¦thought that the coach was implementing the rules and expectations as a way to put himself in the limelight. 2. Identify Cultural or Historical Origins of Assumptions: The cultural and history of origin regarding the assumptions of the movie â€Å"Coach Carter† is often the stereotype of the United States urban school system. The stereotype is that most of, much of the population is 90% African American. While stereotyping in general reflects our expectations and beliefs about the group in question, ethnic stereotypes tend to be negative and prejudicial. First, we recognize that stereotypes present and affecting students because of stereotype Hispanics are lazy, Asian Americans are good in mathematics, women do poorly in science and math and African-Americans consistently underperform on standardized tests. Stereotype threat is like a self-fulfilling prophecy. Students will live up or down to perceived expectations. The cultural bias of the people was due to the expectation of what was perceived. 3. What is the Real Meaning of Assumptions (What is the Underlying Reason?) According to Mezirow (1991) â€Å"â€Å"A distorted assumption or premise is one that leads the learner to view reality in a way that arbitrarily limits what is included, impedes differentiation, lacks permeability or openness to other ways of seeing, or does not facilitate an integration of experience† (Mezirow, 1991, p. 118). 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In addition to the range of items normally considered as products and services, what is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air pollution or contributing to the red cross (b) people, such as new football coach or a political candidate and (c) places, such as industrial plant sites or a place to for a vocation. In a broad sense markets include more than the direct consumers of products services and ideas. 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Articles Of Confederation Essay Example For Students

Articles Of Confederation Essay Articles of ConfederationFrom 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an ineffective government, however there were some strong steps taken in the articles to try and make the United States a better country. The articles created a loose confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to a central government, known as Congress. Some actions taken by Congress, such as the Treaty of Paris, and certain powers that were given to them were sometimes beneficial to the United States. Nevertheless, in attempting to limit the power of the central government, the Second Continental Congress created one without sufficient power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems. The greatest weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was its inability to regulate trade and levy taxes. In the long run, the Articles of Confederation was a shot in the arm for the United States. The Articles of C onfederation arranged a national government that would consist of a single house of Congress, where each state would have one vote. Congress had the power to set up a postal department, to estimate the costs of the government and request donations from the states, and to raise armed forces. Congress could also borrow money as well as declare war and enter into treaties and alliances with foreign nations. With this power, Congress was able to make the Articles of Confederation look good by signing the Treaty of Paris in 1783. This treaty, signed along with Great Britain, concluded the American Revolution. By its terms, Great Britain recognized the thirteen colonies as the free and independent United States of America. However, the most important power was that Congress had the right to obtain territory and control development of the western territories, which was previously controlled by their mother country, Great Britain. (Doc D) With the Articles of Confederation, the United State s was able to break away from their mother country and become a free nation, setting up their own government. Although the articles set the United States free, it was unable to provide them with a solid government. Leaders like John Jay and James Madison criticized the Articles of Confederation because of the weak government. (Doc G) There were several problems between the states and the central government. For instance, sometimes the states refused to give the government the money it needed, and they engaged in tariff wars with one another, bringing interstate trading to a halt. The government could not pay off the debts it had incurred during the revolution, including paying soldiers who had fought in the war and citizens who had provided supplies to the cause. (Doc C) In addition, the new nation was unable to defend its borders from British and Spanish encroachment because it could not pay for an army when the states would not contribute the necessary funds. Another serious probl em was that Congress could not pass needed measures because they lacked nine-state majority required to become laws. The states largely ignored Congress, which was powerless to enforce cooperation, and it was therefore unable to carry out its duties; duties such as trade regulation, which began to crumble with the entrance of the articles. The United States was unable to expand their market value with the population. (Doc B) With all of the difficulty between the people and the government, it is obvious that the Articles of Confederation weakened the United States. Congress did gain some control, and did some good deeds, but their control was too limited, and they could not get along with the people. The central government could not manage the trade regulation, nor could they levy taxes on the people. With no money being brought into the government, no country is able to be successful. .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 , .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .postImageUrl , .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 , .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:hover , .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:visited , .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:active { border:0!important; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:active , .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629 .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd1ebf0ff24c1ed9b4eff8e22e92e629:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: CRITICAL THINKING Essay

Western Scientific Paradigm an Example by

Western Scientific Paradigm The western scientific paradigm is widely influencing the world through the different fields of disciplines such education, arts, medicine, and culture. It is grounded upon a dominant worldview that is representative of western ideas and perceptions. Basically it is characterized by analytic and scientific based inquiries that are geared to be predictable and controllable. Its influence is wide enough to be considered as the standard for success and applicability in different fields of disciplines But because of its dominance, concerns about it being one sided is also evident. In the word of Rothstein (2001), Western science is hardly neutral and objective. Instead it is full of unexamined prejudices and preferences and presumptions. Need essay sample on "Western Scientific Paradigm" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed To define what is a western scientific paradigm is unclear apart from its philosophical, including both cosmological issues and epistemological questions; sociological; and technological dimensions. Indigenous groups from non-western cultures have expressed their sentiments and concerns about the imposing nature of the western scientific approach because of the misunderstandings and gaps it created among people of diverse cultures. Along the way, the application has led to the denial of other worldviews by being critical and partial. Jamison (1994) explicitly said, Part of the problem with the critiques of Western science is that they have been partial critiques and have failed to provide what might be considered workable alternatives to the totality of Western science. The alternatives, like the critiques, have all too often been too narrowly focused to be effective. Science in the Western perspective is often experimental in practice, through the use of technical instruments and other experimental apparatus. From the emergence of Scientific Revolution down through the history to the present Global era, western scientific norms and applications still take the lead in transforming science into an industrial and technological application.Historically, the influence of the Western scientific paradigm among the Latin Americans is wide in scope, owing to the fact that Western cultures have a great influence on this people on its the discovery and colonization in the 14th century. Citing Rouquie, Leon and Sonntag mentioned that Latin America and Caribbean are said to be part of the West, though they have been called the Extreme Occident; they further explained that its societies are, in the view of Clash of Civilizations, bearers of a culture of their own, which gives them a distinct identity that distinguishes them from the West. Latin Americans are c haracterized as hybrid, originating from different cultures with the strong influence of the Western (European, and Spanish), Portuguese and African cultures through the black slavery. An indigenous approach needs to be practiced that is expressive of ones origin, culture and worldview. Though it is open to prevalent scientific and technological perspective, it has its own way of discovering new concepts of knowledge that is localized in perspective and practice. Lalor (2005), proposed an ubuntu concept (African concept), a principle based on respect, dignity, compassion and mutual support, should underpin and inform efforts to leverage our greatest national asset - the diversity of our people. Lalor said, It is this human wealth that can provide the dynamism, creative energy and innovative ways of thinking and problem-solving required to successfully compete in an increasingly complex and multi-cultural local and global business context. And the fundamental notion of ubuntu is that our individual humanity is ideally expressed through our relationship with others will be a powerful driver for transformation and growth: economic, social and spiritual. References Jamison, Andrew, (1994). The uncertain quest: science, technology, and development, The United Nations University, Tokyo. Rothstein, Edward, (2005). Coming to Blows Over How Valid Science Really Is, New York Times, New York, 2001 Lalor Leon, Roberto B, Social Science and Latin America, Promises to Keep. Journal of World-Systems Research VI. 798-810